This is a redacted version of the original decision. Select details have been
removed from the decision to preserve anonymity of the student. The
redactions do not affect the substance of the document.
Pennsylvania
Special Education Hearing Officer
DECISION
Child’s Name:
A.B.
Date of Birth:
[redacted]
Dates of Hearing: June 29,2012 August 16,2012 August 21,2012 August 24,2012
CLOSED HEARING
ODR Case #2612-1112 AS
Parties to the Hearing:
Court – Appointed Educational
Decision – Maker KidsVoice
Frick Building 437 Grant Street/Suite 700
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Representative:
Pro Se
Chelsea Dice, Esq.
787 Pine Valley Drive/ Suite E
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Date Record Closed: August 24,2012
Date of Decision:September 10,2012
Hearing Officer:Jake McElligott, Esq.
INTRODUCTION AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
[Name redacted] ( hereinafter “student”) is a [late teen – aged] student residing in the Penn Hills School District (“District”) who has been identified as a student with a disability under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Improvement Act of 2004 (“IDEIA”) and Pennsylvania special education regulations (“Chapter 14 ”).1Specifically, the student has been identified as a student with an emotional disturbance and intellectual disability, as well as speech and language needs.
At the time of the drafting of this decision, the student’s educational decision-making is under the authority of an educational and medical decision-maker(“guardian”) appointed by the Court of Common Pleas of [redacted] County (“Court”). Guardian asserts that the student was denied a free appropriate public education (“FAPE”) due to alleged acts and omissions which led to an allegedly inappropriate program and placement for the 2011-2012 school year. As a result of this alleged deprivation, the guardian seeks compensatory education as well as an order for the 2012-2013 school year that the student be placed in a private setting for students with autism. The District counters that, at all times, it has provided, and stands ready to provide, FAPE to the student in its programming.
1It is this hearing officer’s preference to cite to the pertinent federal implementing regulations of the IDEIA at 34 C.F.R. §§300.1-300.818. See also 22 PA Code §§14.101-14.164.
For the reasons set forth below, I find in favor of guardian in part and in favor of the District in part.
ISSUES
Did the District provide a FAPE to the student in the 2011-2012 school year?
If not, is the student entitled to compensatory education?
What should the student’s educational programming be for the 2012-school year?
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The student entered District schools from another school district in September 2007, and attended through the 2007 – 2008 (7 th grade) , 2008 – 2009 (8 th grade) , and 2009 – 2010 (9 th grade) school years. ( School District Exhibit [ “S”] – 24, S – 25, S – 26, S – 27, S – 28, S – 29, S – 30, S – 31, S – 32, S – 33 ; Notes of Testimony [“NT”] at 336 – 348 ).
2. In the 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009 school years, respectively the student’s 7 th and 8 th grade years, t he student received pullout special education services at the District middle school where the student would attend if not exceptional. (S – 27, S – 28, S – 30 ; NT at 339 – 343 ).
2Although the student is represented in this matter by an educational guardian, the
exhibits were all marked, as instructed by the hearing officer, as “parent” exhibits, as
the guardian serves in place of the parent in this matter and in keeping with the
custom of exhibit-marking in special education due process hearings.
12. The student’s mother was the educational decision – maker for the student at the September 2011 IEP meeting. The IEP team agreed that the student ’s school day would amount to a half – day of instruction — the student would attend one period per day at [Program B] (approximately one hour per day) and would then be transported to a vocational education setting (approximately 2 hours per day) and then be returned home. 3The District did not issue a notice of recommended educational placement (“NOREP”) regarding the change in placement, and the record is not clear as to whether the student’s mother was provided with a procedural safeguards notice. ( P – 37; S – 45 , S – 46 ; NT at 281 – 282 , 439 ).
13. The September 2011 IEP included a transition plan with generalized services and activities related to lifelong learning, employment, and independent living. The IEP contained three behavior/social skills goals, and two speech and lang uage goals. The IEP included a behavior intervention plan. (P – 27; S – 46).
19. By email dated November 16, 2011, the guardian re quested assistance from the District’s legal counsel in obtaining a NOREP. (P – 31 ; NT at 582 – 585 ).
25. When the student was able to attend the vocational educational setting, the student would not access certain parts of the instructional environment [redacted] . The student would also engage in ritualis tic and/or sensory – specific behaviors that impacted the student’s learning and progress . No functional behavior assessment was ever undertaken in regard to these behaviors. In April 2012, the student stopped attending the vocational education setting and b egan to attend [Program B] full – time. (P – 66 ; NT at 270, 427 – 429, 483 – 492 , 562 – 563 , 565 – 566 ).
26. From April 2012 through the end of the 2011 – 2012 school year, with supports in place to assist the student in attending school while residing in the home environm ent, the student attended regularly but continued to experience difficulties accessing the [Program B] environment . ( P – 72; S – 3, S – 8 ; NT at 417 – 418 , 579 ).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Provision of FAPE
To assure that an eligible child receives a FAPE (34 C.F.R. §300.17), an IEP must be reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit to the student. Board of Education v. Rowley , 458 U.S. 1 76 , 187 – 204 (1982) . ‘ Meaningful benefit’ means that a student’s program affords the student the opportunity for “significant learning ” (Ridgewood Board of Education v. N.E. , 172 F.3d 238 (3 rd Cir. 1999) ), not simply deminimis or minimal education progress . ( M.C. v. Central Regional School District , 81 F.3d 389 (3 rd Cir. 1996)).
In this case, the District has denied the student FAPE. This finding is rooted in three prejudicial flaws in the District’s programming. First, the student presents as a very complex mosaic of disabilities. But the District’s programming in the 2011 – 2012 school year was not appropriate , especially at the [Program B] setting, to address the student’s needs in life skills and adaptive areas. (FF 12, 13, 16, 27). The District’s programming in the vocational education setting was appropriate. (FF 12). But that programming failed because of the second factor underlying the denial of FAPE, namely the behaviors that interfered with the student’s ability to access educational environments and the student’s ritualistic and/or sensory – specific behaviors. (FF 15, 22, 25, 26). The record is clear that both parties recognized that non – attendance was a significant issue for the student. (FF 10, 14, 22, 24 ). Yet when the student did attend, and the student’s behaviors interfered with the student’s ability to enter or engage the instructional environment, the District did nothing to gauge the student’s behavior through a functional behavior assessment or to revise the student’s behavior intervention plan . (FF 12, 13, 15, 16, 22, 25, 26).
Third, knowing in early November 2011 that the student’s guardian had significant disagreements with the student’s program, the District prejudicially neglected to issue a NOREP to the guardian until mid – December 2011, interfering with her opportunity to make concrete her concerns and provide notice to the District of the guardian’s preferred course of action through the various options provided on the NOREP. (FF 16, 17, 18, 19, 21). Indeed, the guardian was forced to fi le a special education due process complaint without ever having received a NOREP from the District, even after multiple requests and the involvement of District counsel. (FF 20).
An award of compensatory education will follow.
Compensatory Education
Wh ere a school district has denied a student a FAPE under the terms of the IDEIA, compensatory education is an equitable remedy that is available to a claimant when a school district has been found to have denied a student FAPE under the terms of the IDEIA. ( Lester H. v. Gilhool , 916 F.2d 865 (3d Cir. 1990); Big Beaver Falls Area Sch. Dist. v. Jackson , 615 A.2d 910 (Pa. Commonw. 1992)) . The right to compensatory education accrues from a point where a school district knows or should have known that a student w as being denied FAPE . ( Ridgewood ; M.C. ) . The U.S Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has held that a student who is denied FAPE “is entitled to compensatory education for a period equal to the period of deprivation, but excluding the time reasonably required for the school district to rectify the problem.” ( M.C. at 397).
Here, as detailed above, the District engaged in multiple acts and omissions that led to a denial of FAPE for the student. There are equitable considerations that weigh in favor of bot h parties, however, that lead to an intricate calculation of compensatory education. In the student’s favor, the IEP is not appropriate for meeting the student’s needs, and the [Program B] program is overly restrictive. (FF 13, 27). The District provided only a half – day schedule to the student until the guardian protested that the student should receive a full day of instruction. (FF 12, 21). Additionally, the overarching need of the student — behaviors that interfere with the student’s learning — went entirely unaddressed. (FF 12, 13, 15, 16, 22, 25, 26). This would support a substantive award of compensatory education. In the District’s favor, however, is the well – founded concern, shared by all, that the student’s inability to attend school, fundamentally interfered with the student’s ability to receive any educational programming. (FF 10, 14, 22, 24). Also in the District’s favor is the fact that, even though the student’s IEP was deficient, the District made good – faith efforts at instruction which did yield some degree of meaningful education benefit over the course of the 2011 – 2012 school year. (FF 27).
Therefore, the following compensatory education calculations are grounded in equity:
Because the District was educating the student for only half of a school day, the student will be awarded 2.5 hour s of compensatory education for every school day4 where the student attended either the [Program B] program, or the vocational educational setting, or both, from the outset of the 2011 – 2012 school year until November 10, 2011. By November 10, 2011, knowing that the guardian disagreed with the District’s recommendations for educational programming and that the guardian had requested a NOREP, the District should have issued a NOREP coming out of the November 3, 2011 I EP meeting. Therefore, as a prejudicial procedural omission, the student is entitled to 5.5 hours of compensatory education for every school day , inclusive, between November 11 , 2011 and December 16, 2011 , when the guardian returned the NOREP; these hours are awarded regardless of whether the student attended school or not on any particular day within the designated period. The student will be awarded 2.5 hours for every school day attended either the [Program B] program, or the vocational educational setting, or both, between December 17, 2011 and the date when the District extended the student’s school day to include an entire day of instruction. Finally, the student will be awarded 1 hour of compensatory education for every school day attended either the
4A full day of compensatory education amounts to 5.5 hours for a secondary level student. See 22 PA Code §11.3.
[Program B] program, or the vocational educational setting, or both, between the date when the District extended the student’s school day to include an entire day of instruction through the end of the 2011 – 2012 school year.
As for the nature of the compensatory education award, the guardian may decide in her sole discretion how the hours should be spent so long as they take the form of appropriate developmental, remedial or enriching instruction or services that further the goals of the student’s current or future IEPs. These hours must be in addition to the then – current IEP and may not be used to supplant the IEP. These hours may occur after school, on weekends and/or during the summer months, when convenient for the student and the family and/or the guar dian, as appropriate .
There are financial limits on the guardian’s discretion in selecting the appropriate developmental, remedial or enriching instruction that furthers the goals of the student’s IEPs. The costs to the District of providing the awarded h ours of compensatory education, either hourly or as the result of a lump sum settlement, must not exceed the full cost of the services that were denied. Full costs are the hourly salaries and fringe benefits that would have been paid to the District professionals who provided services to the student during the period of the denial of FAPE.
Accordingly, there will an award of compensatory education for the periods, and in the amounts, outlined above.
Placement for 2012 – 2013
Both federal and Pennsylvania l aw require that the placement of a student with a disability be in the least restrictive environment (“LRE”). Pursuant to the mandate of 34 C.F.R. §300.114(a)(2):
“Each (school district) must ensure that to the maximum extent appropriate, children with dis abilities…are educated with children who are non disabled, and…separate schooling…occurs only if the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily.”
34 C.F.R. §§ 300.114-120; 22 PA Code §14.145; Oberti v. Board of Education, 995 F.2d 1204 (3d Cir. 1993).
In this case, the District violated the LRE requirement by delivering the student’s programming at the [Program B] program; that program is overly restrictive and returning the student to that placement for the 2012 – 2013 school year would be inappropriate. (FF 12). On the other hand, the guardian’s request for a placement at a non – public private placement for students with autism is also overly restrictive. (FF 23, 28, 29). The student’s IEP team will be ordered to convene to design a wholly new IEP for the student , including transition planning, goals, curriculum, and instruction, to be delivered entirely at the District high school in classrooms and settings that the IEP team shall decide are appropriate. (FF 5, 13, 27).
The record clearly supports a finding that the District should be given the opportunity to implement an appropriate program in a less restrictive environment than [Program B] . B ut the record also reveals that the student presents quite challenging behaviors in educational settings. To that extent, the IEP team ultimately may find that the student requires more restrictive programming than the District offers. But, at this stage, the student should be given an IEP to be delivered a t the District’s high school.
An order will be crafted accordingly.
CONCLUSION
The District denied the student FAPE in the 2011 – 2012 school year, and the student is entitled to compensatory education. The IEP team must convene to design a wholly new IEP for the student to be implemented at the District’s high school.
ORDER
In accord with the findings of fact and conclusions of law as set forth above, the Penn Hills School District denied the student a free appropriate public education in the 2011 – 2012 school year.
The student is entitled to an award of compensatory education as follows:
• 2.5 hours for every school day the student attended at any educational setting from the outset of the 2 011 – 2012 school year through November 10, 2011;
• 5.5 hours for every school day from November 11, 2011 through December 16, 2011;
• 2.5 hours for every school day the student attended at any educational setting from December 17, 2011 through the date when the student’s school day was extended to include a full day of instruction; and
• 1 hour for every school day the student attended at any educational setting from the date when the student’s school day was extended to include a full day of instruction through the end of the 2011 – 2012 school year.
Additionally within 10 calendar days of the date of this order, the student’s individualized education plan ( IEP ) team shall meet to wholly redesign the student’s IEP. The IEP team shall design, and the IEP shall expl icitly include, the following:
individualized and detailed post – secondary transition planning;
• social skills goals;
• specially designed instruction in social skills;
• speech and language goals;
• specially designed instruction in speech and language;
• a cademic goals;
• specially designed instruction in academics;
• life skills/community – based functional goals;
• specially designed instruction in life skills/community – based skills;
• planning for transition to the District’s high school, including being prepared to perform a functional behavior assessment , and to implement a behavior intervention plan , regarding any impediment(s) to the student accessing the building, or instructional settings within the building;
• perform ance of a functional behavior assessment, and imp lement ation of a behavior intervention plan, for ritualistic and/or sensory – specific behaviors that impact the student’s learning; and
• any and all planning, assessments, curriculum, goals, specially designed instruction, program modifications, and/or related services that the IEP team may identify, or agree to, as necessary.
The IEP team shall explicitly consider, and where appropriate make part of the IEP, all recommendations contained in the independent speech and language evaluation of April 2012 and t he independent educational evaluation of May 2012 , where those recommendations can be implemented in the District’s high school .
The student’s IEP shall be designed for delivery entirely within settings at the District’ s high school.
Any claim not specific ally addressed in this decision and order is denied.
Jake McElligott, Esquire
Jake McElligott, Esquire
Special Education Hearing Officer
September 10,2012
A-B-Penn-Hills-ODRNo-2612-1112AS